Weekly Safety Share #76 - Hypothermia
Working in cold environments presents serious risks that can escalate quickly if not recognized and managed early. Two of the most dangerous cold-related conditions workers may face are hypothermia and frostbite. Both can progress into medical emergencies if ignored—and both are preventable with the right awareness, preparation, and teamwork.
Understanding Hypothermia
Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below its normal range. As the body cools, it begins to lose its ability to regulate vital functions. If left untreated, hypothermia can impair the heart, nervous system, and other organs, eventually becoming life-threatening.
Common symptoms of hypothermia include:
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Persistent shivering
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Chattering teeth
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Slurred or slow speech
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Confusion or unusual behavior
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Loss of coordination or clumsiness
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Drowsiness or unconsciousness in severe cases
One of the dangers of hypothermia is that affected individuals may not realize what is happening to them, which makes early recognition by coworkers especially important.
Understanding Frostbite
Frostbite occurs when skin and underlying tissue freeze due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. It can develop even without the presence of hypothermia. The areas most commonly affected are the extremities—ears, fingers, toes, nose, cheeks, and chin.
Signs and symptoms of frostbite include:
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Skin that appears red at first, then turns pale, greyish-white, or waxy
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Numbness or tingling
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Hard or stiff skin
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In severe cases, blackened tissue indicating permanent damage
Frostbite damages tissue by cutting off blood flow, and once tissue has died, it cannot recover. Immediate first aid and medical attention are critical.
Why Cold Injuries Are So Dangerous
Both hypothermia and frostbite can advance rapidly, especially in windy, wet, or low-visibility conditions. Cold injuries reduce strength, coordination, alertness, and decision-making—significantly increasing the risk of secondary incidents such as slips, falls, or equipment accidents.
Because individuals may not recognize symptoms in themselves, watching out for one another is a key part of cold-weather safety.
Preventing Cold-Related Injuries at Work
The most effective way to prevent hypothermia and frostbite is preparation, proper clothing, and continuous awareness of changing conditions.
Dress for the Conditions
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Wear multiple loose-fitting layers so insulation is trapped while allowing flexibility.
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Adjust layers as needed—activities like climbing in and out of vehicles or operating equipment can quickly cause overheating and sweating.
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Ensure the layer closest to your skin is moisture-wicking. Wet clothing can lose up to 90% of its insulating value, rapidly drawing heat away from the body.
Protect Critical Areas
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Always keep your head and hands covered, as these areas lose heat quickly.
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Use an approved cold-weather liner under your hard hat when required.
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In extreme cold or high winds, cover exposed facial skin with a scarf, neck gaiter, or wool mask to reduce wind chill.
Stay Dry and Be Prepared
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Carry extra socks, gloves, and boot liners. Wet gear should be changed immediately to restore insulation.
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Footwear should keep feet warm, dry, and protected. Proper winter socks and insulated liners are essential.
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Gloves should not only provide warmth but also protect against task-specific hazards such as cuts, punctures, chemicals, burns, or electrical risks.
Look Out for Each Other
Cold injuries can be difficult to self-identify. Make a habit of:
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Checking in with coworkers regularly
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Watching for changes in behavior, coordination, or speech
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Speaking up if someone appears unusually cold, confused, or withdrawn
Final Reminder
Cold weather work is unavoidable in many operations, but cold-related injuries are not. Dressing appropriately, staying dry, taking breaks when needed, and keeping a close eye on one another can make the difference between a productive day and a medical emergency.